E: tours kelownalimo. Check out website for details. Service, Repair and Tires. Over 40 years of experience and full mechanical service. Come visit us before you go to Big White. From the tranquility of a sailboat, chartered cruise or paddleboard to the thrill of a powerboat, there is something for everyone on Okanagan Lake!
Pears, Apples and More! Come find the best peaches and cherries in the Okanagan. Boasting an affordable and wide variety of fresh fruits. Located right off Hwy 97 in Oyama. An honest-to-goodness farm to table venue, offering a safe place for exclusive private bookings of small groups. Interactive online cooking classes also available, with virtual garden tour options in season! Contact Chef Martin to book your date. Ice Cream! Fresh Seasonal Fruits Picked Daily!
Specialty Grocery, Fruit and Vegetable Store. A true treasure lies just south of Kelowna, Myra Canyon, a lovingly restored section of the Kettle Valley Railway Trail originally built This 12 mile 19 km round trip journey takes you over 18 wooden trestles and through 2 tunnels as you enjoy commanding views of the horseshoe shaped valley from ft above Kelowna m.
This gently sloped trail is accessible for hikers and bikers and is also dog friendly. It has been described as one of the most beautiful sections of the Trans Canada Trail. The Kettle Valley Railway is an important part of BC history, being a crucial route when the deposits of copper, silver and gold were discovered in the Interior.
Andrew McCulloch, a Canadian Pacific Railway engineer, led the crews that negotiated through the canyons and built the many trestles, some as much as ft 55m in length.
It took them. For visitors today, there are numerous signposts giving more historical and ecological information along the way. The last train ran through Myra Canyon in The conversion of the rails to trails began 20 years later when the Myra Canyon Trestle Restoration Society was formed to make the trails safe for recreational use.
In , the trestles were designated a national heritage site. Later that year 12 of the trestles were damaged in the Okanagan Mountain Park fire. By thanks to much tireless work on reconstruction the Myra Canyon trestles were reopened. Community groups and individuals continue to volunteer with the Society to maintain the trail today.
For more detailed information on history and up to date trail conditions, visit website www. The Okanagan Rail Trail is a pedestrian and bicycle connection between communities of the North and Central Okanagan with access to some of the most scenic features of the valley. It is roughly 50 km in length; mostly flat and traverses stunning lakefront shoreline, orchards and farm land, urbanized areas, industrial lands and natural areas flanked with steep slopes and rock walls.
The section of the Okanagan Rail Trail north of Kelowna International Airport to the boundary of Lake Country at McCarthy Road is not yet developed and is therefore closed to public use section between km30 and km36 on map.
For more information check online map at www. The trail is compacted gravel, as well as asphalt in sections, and every trip offers the opportunity to learn about the Syilx Okanagan people, their traditional territory and to enjoy the rich natural ecosystems of the lakes and creeks along the trail. Know before you go Over 24 kilometres of trail follows lakeshore, creeks and unique natural environments. There are 22 parks and 21 recreational and. The Greenway is an For more info see www.
During the spawning run interpretive programs are available for the public and schools. See pages for more. Kelowna offers a stunning variety of golf courses to choose from.
Within 20 minutes of downtown, golfers can find anything from resort courses carved into the picturesque Okanagan hillside to executive length courses serving up fun for all skill levels.
See the Golf Map on page 34 and some more information on our courses on the Golf Grid on page For membership info visit www. Mid Length 18 Hole Golf Course www. April to June Wed to Sun pm. September to December 19 Wed to Sun pm. Closed Dec 20 to Mar 31, Producing smooth, fruit forward vegan wines from dry to sweet. Join us for a complimentary wine tasting, a self guided tour, a picnic, live music or one of our many other events!
A boutique winery focused on producing premium Pinot Noir, Chardonnay and aromatic white wines. A boutique, award winning winery. Open Daily. Take in the enticing retail store and enjoy our picnic area with a glass of wine and local fare. Specializing in bright aromatic wines, Chardonnay and Pinot Noir. Unique craft brewery with tasting room and lounge set in a heritage barn. Come back to the farm and experience hand-crafted local ciders.
Open daily for tours and tastings! Seuss Collection. Many people are surprised to learn that not only was Dr. Let us create some magic that will leave you spellbound!
SOPA features thoughtful, innovative and compelling works from leading contemporary artists in the media of painting, sculpture and assemblage. SOPA is committed to working in alliance with local, national and international artists. Current inventory by each artist is available for viewing throughout the year. We believe in the power of our own voice to inspire, educate and transform.
When possible we encourage you to pay us a visit, share your experience and give us your feedback! See you soon or visit www. Free shipping in NA for all on-line purchases. Private viewing appointment is a fun evening out! Call to book. The culinary scene in Kelowna is loaded with delectable delights.
Many passionate local chefs and producers work hand-inhand featuring fresh seasonal items year round, and the farmstands and markets showcase the plentiful harvest through the summer season.
Diners on any budget can find something to enjoy. Fresh and delicious. Featuring a great selection of cakes, pastries, artisan breads and buns. Visit and follow us on Instagram and Facebook Leckie Rd www. All you can eat Asian Cuisine. More than items. Take out and delivery. Visit us soon in the Dilworth Centre. Drop in anytime or book a tour at the Sncewips Heritage Museum. See listing page Experience our iPad-order system and all you can eat Asian Cuisine.
Hours may change. View details at www. The honey flavours come through giving our ale a light sweetness and mild toastiness. ABV: 5. Offering all your favourite coffees and beverages, light bites and treats! Come see us on the lake. Pour all ingredients into a shaker. Shake and pour.
Top with a dab of whipped cream, a chunk of brownie and a cherry. There is also potential for the motor at Inlet the filters top to be run on solar power, says Gulati. In addition to keeping the filter clean at all times, the fluid dynamics of the movement of dirt into the purge chamber are key in ensuring the filters effectiveness for treating waters with Outlet extremely high TSS levels.
The filters can also handle oils and grease, something other filters cannot do, explains Gulati. Spiral Water Technologies Currently, the filters are offered with 15 m screens, and the company says that m screens will be available soon for even finer filtration.
The filters are modular, and can be arranged in parallel to reach a wide range of capacities. They can also be installed into existing systems.
In addition to water and wastewater treatment, the filters have recently been employed as a replacement for cartridge filters at a fertilizer plant, for protecting turbine bearings at a hydroelectric facility and for reducing solids in a fruit-juice processing plant. Higher destruction efficiencies up to Rothenberg declined to provide more details about the new catalyst, due to a pending patent, except to say it is a simple metallic salt whose composition and price are such that it can easily be applied to a large-scale process without any economic penalty.
Initially, the technology transfer is focused on steel-mill effluents, and a project is currently moving to the scaleup phase. Since then, the technology has been tested on the effluent from the precious-metals sector, where the process volumes are smaller, but the CN concentrations are much higher up to 10, times higher.
No matter the business reinery, utility, manufacturing or petrochemical if you are in an industry that demands big power, youll want to check out the complete range of boiler systems from Cleaver-Brooks. For more than 80 years, we have set the industry standard in the design and production of boiler systems that continually maximize eficiency and deliver uncompromising reliability and the lowest possible emissions.
Our total integration is that every component from gas inlet to stack outlet is designed, engineered and manufactured by just one company. Circle 9 on p. In first tests, the RFB from Jena could withstand up to 10, charging cycles without losing a crucial amount of capacity. Work is underway to develop larger, more efficient systems that will be marketed by JenaBatteries. The three partners have been engaged in joint research for producing synthetic rubbers from biomass since Using the celldesign and plant-science technologies of the Riken Center for Sustainable Resource Science CSRS , the researchers discovered a new method for synthesizing isoprene by designing an artificial metabolic pathway using in-silico metabolic design technology a computer-based technique used for designing the metabolic pathways of a microorganism at the genomic scale.
They intend to commercialize the technology by the early s. Avantec Amp combines multiple enzyme activities into one product, and surpasses competing enzyme solutions by squeezing more ethanol from each kernel of corn and enabling increased output from the ethanol plant, thus saving energy and water and increasing return on invested capital, the company says. It can also boost corn oil production, an increasingly important revenue stream in the industry, by freeing up oil bound in the corn germ.
In addition, Avantec Amp reduces the need for a number of chemicals used to control and accelerate production processes at ethanol plants. Urea, which is used Continues on p.
Bioelectrochemical system treats wastewater and generates biogas Stackable Ecovolt reactors. Boston, Mass. The EcoVolt Reactor system works by applying a small electric current to an electrochemical cell containing naturally occurring bacteria and archaea species.
The applied current activates metabolic reaction pathways that would not be possible in normal anaerobic microbial respiration. The anaerobic microbes are grown on a fixed film that is designed for enhanced stability, says Justin Buck, co-founder and chief technology officer at Cambrian.
The system is related to a microbial fuel cell, Buck explains, but instead of generating a current from the biological redox reactions, a small current is added to stimulate desired anaerobic respiration pathways and products.
The initial EcoVolt Reactor installation treats high-BOD spent brewery water at a California craft beer facility, producing enough biogas to generate kW of renewable electricity and 45, therms of heat per year in a combined heat and power CHP system.
The EcoVolt Reactors are modular, railcar-sized units that are road-transportable and fully automated, so capacity can be expanded by adding units, Buck says. Cambrian is looking for its first applications in the beer and winemaking space because the wastewater from those processes disrupts municipal water treatment systems and comes with significant expense to producers, Buck says. It may expand to other applications in the future.
Port Washington, N. When a cell culture passes through the flow channel, the cells are trapped at the nodes of the acoustic waves, and they aggregate and precipitate as their buoyancy decreases. AWS is capable of removing cells without any temperature increases or physical damage to the cells or proteins, Pall says. The technology can be used with Palls continuous bioprocessing and singleuse products. Chemical Engineerings Feature Reports provide concise, factual information that aids in solving real problems.
The practical, how-to orientation of these articles ensures that they can be directly applied to chemical engineers daily jobs. Each article applies to a relatively broad section of the chemical process industries as opposed to focusing on just one niche.
Surfactants and ammonia, used to extract corn oil and adjust pH levels, can also be significantly reduced, says Novozymes. Unlike traditional desalination systems that use the barrier properties of membranes to selectively remove water from brackish solutions, MITs approach uses an electrically driven shockwave to physically separate salty and fresh water.
In shock electrodialysis, water flows through a porous glass frit that is sandwiched between membrane electrodes. When an electric current flows through the system, the salty water migrates into regions where the salt concentration is either depleted or enriched. When that current is increased to a certain point, it generates a shockwave between these two zones, sharply dividing the streams and allowing the fresh and salty regions to be separated by a simple physical barrier at the center of the flow.
The research described in a recent issue of Environmental Science and Technology Letters has been demonstrated at the laboratory scale, and a theoretical analysis has been performed to explain why the process works. The catalyst consisting of Co BF4 2. The new material called sulfur-limonene polysulfide is created from a reaction diagram between sulfur and limonene, two highly abundant byproducts from the petroleum refining and citrus industries, respectively. In addition to the very inexpensive raw materials, the simplicity of the synthesis reaction is another benefit limonene is added to molten sulfur at around C, and no catalysts or solvents are required.
The team is currently producing sulfur-limonene polysulfide in 0. I anticipate that it is feasible to make several kilograms in a single batch, says lead researcher Justin Chalker. There are other adsorbents that are as effective at binding mercury.
However, these competing technologies are far too expensive and complicated to synthesize on the scale required for typical remediation efforts,. Commercial interest in the polymer has been rising, and the team is currently working with partners in the geoscience and mining sectors, as well as environmental agencies, to assess the new materials performance in remediation efforts.
According to Chalker, the most likely application for sulfur-limonene polysulfide is using the polymer as a coating on a high-surface-area mesh that is placed in contaminated water, or as a component of a filtration device. For longterm use, the team envisions that the mercury-bound polymer could be integrated into existing mercury stabilization and storage processes, and there is ongoing work to determine a method to recover bound metals and recycle the polymer.
The team is also exploring the use of sulfur-limonene polysulfide in the removal of mercury from air. Yokohama, Japan; www. The ultrabattery combines a lead-acid battery with a supercapacitor in a single cell with a common sulfuric-acid electrolyte. It has a single positive electrode and a twin negative electrode one part carbon, one part lead. The carbon is the electrode of the capacitor and lead is the electrode of the lead-acid cell. The positive electrode lead oxide is common to the lead acid cell and the supercapacitor.
The supercapacitor acts to limit the formation of lead sulfate crystals, which tend to impede electrolyte transfer. This enables the battery to operate over long periods in a partial-state-of-charge condition. The supercapacitor features of the ultrabattery make it especially suitable for handling constant cycling and fast charging and discharging applications, such as renewable smoothing, grid regulation, electric and hybrid-electric vehicles.
Ecoult, which was acquired by East Penn Manufacturing Co. Lyon Station, Pa. The ultrabatterys operation has already been successfully demonstrated on King Island, Tasmania, Australia, by Hydro Tasmania to store energy from wind and solar to reduce diesel consumption.
It is also providing frequency control and backup power in grid-scale installations in the U. The new kW battery has also been installed in five locations in Australia, to reduce diesel consumption, and as backup power and for n solar smoothing. Design for excellence Personalized guidance in the pump selection process Fast response and delivery Long term after market support Trained service and spare parts available worldwide Pompetravaini has been manufacturing industrial pump since FEP has a production capacity of , metric tons per year m.
The facility will include a process plant designed for the production of , m. Irving, Tex. The Quest CCS project will capture approximately 1 million m. Paris; www. The plant will produce , m. Brazil; www. The plant should Solenis announces acquisition in Brazil start operating in late , and will have a to broaden its bioethanol portfolio November 10, Solenis Wilmington, capacity of around , m.
The transaction plant for the production of specialty amines. Quimatec is a The plant can manufacture approximately leader in Brazils sugar-to-ethanol industry.
Praj for renewable isobutanol technology November 10, Gevo, Inc. Englewood, Williams moves forward on Alberta Colo. Pune, India; www. The plant will sugars. Gevo and Praj expect to license up Look for more have a production capacity of , m. Houston; www.
The consolidation will be effective on Jan. Tokyo; www. The transaction is expected to be completed by July SVAA is involved mainly in sugarcane-based biomass operations, including the production and sales of bioethanol. MEGlobal is a manufacturer of monoethylene glycol and diethylene glycol, with headquarters in Dubai.
This acquisition is expected to close by year-end Honeywell acquires Sigma-Aldrich research chemicals business October 21, Honeywell Morristown, N. Louis, Mo. The acquired SigmaAldrich business develops and manufactures high-purity research chemicals and other materials used in laboratory applications. We know what it takes to move chemical compounds. With over 30 years of industry experience, Nol-Tec understands the demands of chemical processing. We ofer you: Precise measurements, rigorous materials.
Call today to see how we can meet your toughest material handling challenges. The award recognizes the most noteworthy chemical engineering technology commercialized anywhere in the world during or For more information about the award, see CE, January , p. Bhethanabotla, University of South Florida temperature. Lenhoff, University of Delaware Peter N. The development of catalytic chain-shuttling polymerization made possible the synthesis of Intune OBCs in existing commercial polyolefin continuous solution reactors.
These systems use parts-per-million ppm levels of catalyst at temperatures where polymers remain in solution, even with crystalline segments. Chain-shuttling chemistry gives pseudo-living behavior to coordination polymerization. Dormant chains on a chain transfer agent typically dipolymeryl zinc have radically increased lifetimes. A growing polymer can now be transported via convective and diffusive flow within and between reactors and reactor zones having completely different polymerization conditions.
This enables production of polyolefin block copolymers of diverse block structure. Two reaction methodologies have been used to produce OBCs at commercial scale using chain-shuttling polymerization. The first employs two catalysts and a shuttling agent in a single reaction environment. The second methodology uses a single catalyst, a chainWWW. Dow is the first company to bring OBCs to market, after mastering the engineering required to costeffectively produce them.
Dow commercialized the first OBC based on proprietary chain-shuttling catalysis, Infuse, in All Dow OBCs build upon the development of homogeneous constrained geometry catalysts that enable unprecedented control over polymer microstructure to yield materials with new properties.
Dow has taken OBCs from academic curiosities to successfully commercialized polymers. Numerous engineering challenges were overcome in matching the kinetics, efficiency, copolymerization behavior, and reversible chain shuttling within controlled reaction environments.
Reaction engineering. To facilitate production by process modeling, a detailed reaction model was created using polymer reaction engineering principles, to relate molecular ar-. Coordinative chain-transfer polymerization uses a single catalyst, a chain-shuttling agent, and two different reaction environments with different monomer concentrations. This entailed specification of a detailed reaction mechanism, construction of population balances for many polymer populations, conversion to moment equations, and finally experimental parameter estimation of unknown rate constants from pilot data and characterization of final product properties.
With this model, the company was able to optimize. Catalyst discovery. Dow used highthroughput methodologies in coordination with science-based evaluation to find the viable catalyst. By using an array of robotically manipulated individual polymerization reactors combined with rapid polymerizationcharacterization methods, the researchers conducted and evaluated more than individual polymeriza-. Circle 15 on p. Viable candidates were then scaled to pilot facilities.
Polymer characterization. New analytical techniques were developed to quickly determine the molecular structure of the material produced in the reactors. This involved the interactive separation of polyolefins by high-temperature liquid chromatography HTLC in combination with other fractionation techniques.
The first commercial sales of development quantities of Intune occurred in March, Intune has since been sold into applications as diverse as clear, tough PP storage containers, oriented label films, and in multi-layer barrier films for retort packaging. Dow has many additional application development programs with Intune underway at external customers. The use of Intune block copolymers in polymer blends and applications is protected by an additional 20 U.
For mass-transfer-limited reactions, however, good mixing is essential and relying on passive mixing, such as static mixers, can be insufficient. AM Technology has developed a flow reactor based on the same principle used to mix paint in aerosol cans. The mixer element in the Coflore reactor is loose, and mixing is generated by lateral vibration of the reactor body. This eliminates the need for rotating shafts and seals, and delivers better mixing than passively mixed systems.
The standard Coflore ATR system uses 10 reaction tubes that can be connected in series or parallel. The mechanical stirrers in the ATR reverse direction up to 18 times per second, generating short, radial strokes. This Heat transfer performance per unit volume is said to be 12 orders of magnitude higher than large batch reactors. Plug flow performance is equivalent to stirred tanks in series at residence time of 55 min in a 3.
The first commercialized ATR system was based on a mm dia. Today there are five systems installed in the U. By increasing the tube diameter to 38 mm, a L reactor system has been designed. The ATR10L is said to provide a predictable and seamless scaleup route, and the first commercial L system was installed at a U.
Due to the confidential nature of the first commercial applications, AM Technology had very little access to chemistry data about the first installed ATR-1L systems. However, the company has performed a number of studies of its own, and, in order to further characterize the performance of the ATR systems, the company built an in-house chemistry facility, with studies initiated in early The studies to date have focused on mass-transfer-limited processes, because such processes are said to be the most difficult end of the process spectrum, and thus stand to gain the most benefits from flow chemistry, says the company.
Results of some studies are summarized in the following: Enzymatic biotransformations. The reaction was taken to completion in under 2. Gas-liquid enzymatic reaction. The selective oxidation of the D-amino acid flavid adenine dinucleotide FDA as a redox cofactor to give a mixture of L-amino acids and the alpha-ketoacid using wild-type D-amino acid oxidase was studied. In a 1-L ATR, the reaction went to completion in about 8 h.
Biphasic processes. Two studies with biphasic systems have been undertaken. The first was a reaction with organic liquids and isobutylene gas. The ATR gave an eight-fold increase in reaction rate. The second study was an organic reaction with phosphoric acid catalyst. This gave a 6. Countercurrent flow in progress. A liquid-liquid countercurrent extraction study in the ATR demonstrated the feasibility of extracting benzoic acid from water using ethyl acetate.
The concentration of benzoic acid in the aqueous phase was reduced from to 3. Until recently, sulfuric acid alkylation was one of the few petroleum-refinery processes that had remained essentially unchanged since its introduction in the s. Critical in the alkylation reaction is to achieve effective mass-transfer contact between the immiscible acid and hydrocarbon liquid phases. It is also desirable to operate the reaction at low temperatures.
Lower reaction temperatures favor the formation of the desired high-octane trimethylpentane product, while minimizing side reactions, such as polymerization, disproportionation, cracking and the formation of unstable esters of sulfuric acid. The conventional approach uses direct, mechanically agitated contactors for mass transfer between the liquid phases. However, because of the high viscosity of the acid phase, the rotating mixers used in conventional technology are restricted to temperatures no lower than 78C.
Power requirements to rotate the im-. The CDAlky process solves this challenge through the use of a novel contactor that uses a proprietary static internal device to maintain effective mass-transfer contact between the immiscible acid and hydrocarbon liquid phases at substantially lower temperatures than conventional approaches. This ability to operate at temperatures less than 0C has the benefit of greatly reduced acid-consumption rates due to the suppression of the side reactions.
The contactor design with its static internals also optimizes the acid-hydrocarbon droplet-size distribution, which eases the separation of the acid and hydrocarbons downstream of the reactor. This is in contrast to conventional technology where the rotating impellers, with their associated high shear forces, create a tight emulsion with very small droplet sizes , which is difficult to separate. CDAlkys optimized distribution of droplet sizes eliminates the need for caustic and water washing of the reactor effluent,.
The RON values for the alkylate product often exceeds Because the reaction is reversible, thermodynamics limit the conversion, so high temperature and low pressure are desirable for shifting the reaction equilibrium toward final products. To achieve a commercially feasible yield of olefin, dehydrogenation processes are usually conducted at high temperatures C.
However, dehydrogenation at such high temperatures leads to undesirable side reactions, such as thermal cracking of the initial paraffin, hydrocracking and oligomerization of the target olefin, and coke formation. Coke formation is problematic, as it. Circle 3 on p. In order to overcome this limitation, Eugene Houdry developed the idea of using coke as a heat source for the dehydrogenation reactions.
As a result of these efforts, the company revolutionized Catofin technology by introducing Heat Generating Materials HGM for conducting endothermic reactions. This new concept takes advantage of the cyclic redox operating mode of the initial Houdry technology, and combines it with a heat-production method known as chemical looping combustion.
HGM is a patented combination of metal oxides MeO on a proprietary carrier that is loaded into the catalyst bed. HGM is inert towards the feedstock, but undergoes oxidation and reduction in the corresponding stages of the Houdry operating cycle, as shown in the following two reactions:.
Another additional benefit is the increase in olefin selectivity, due to the ability to optimize the temperature profile, and thus paraffin conversion, in the dehydrogenation catalyst bed.
Since , several Catofin units have applied HGM for isobutylene production. Reaction 1 takes place during the dehydrogenation step of the cycle, consuming the product H2, which shifts the dehydrogenation equilibrium towards more product; and generating heat needed for the dehydrogenation reaction. Reaction 2 takes place during the catalyst-regeneration step, whereby the MeO is also regenerated and more heat released.
As a result, this in-situ catalyst-bed heat generation significantly improves efficiency by reducing the dependence on external heat supply from high-temperature air sources required for conventional technologies.
The introduction of HGM in the catalyst bed drastically Newlight Technologies was founded in with the aim to produce materials using methane-based greenhouse-gas emissions as a resource. In the past, biocatalysts were selflimiting, meaning that they could only make a certain amount of polymer before they would turn themselves off and make CO2 instead of polymer. One kilogram of sacrificial biocatalyst was required to make one kilogram of plastic.
After ten years of research, Newlight developed a non-self-limiting biocatalyst for the production of polyhydroxyalkanoate PHA thermoplastic. As a result, instead of self-disabling as polymer is synthesized, the biocatalyst is able to continue to polymerize significantly beyond previous maximum limits and generate nine times more material for the same biocatalyst input than previously.
As a result, the number of required unit operations is reduced by a factor of three, which reduces capital costs by a factor of five, says the company. Newlight says it can manufacture thermoplastic polymers from methane for less than the cost to produce plastics from petroleum, without the use of subsidies or carbon pricing.
Newlights AirCarbon process takes place in a single tank, in which air and methane-based carbon emissions are reacted with Newlights biocatalyst at ambient temperature and pressure. In August , Newlight achieved a key commercialization milestone, with the scaleup of its AirCarbon production technology to commercial scale at a four-story, multi-acre site in California. The plant uses air and biogas as the only feedstocks in a single-step ambient conversion reactor, with a multi-million pound per year nameplate production capacity.
Since the scaleup, the company has expanded significantly, growing from 5 to over 80 product applications, with AirCarbon being used to make films, furniture, cellphone cases, caps, containers, automotive component and bottles. In all applications, the AirCarbon is replacing various grades of polypropylene, polyethylene and thermoplastic elastomers.
Combustible Dust Standard Gets a Facelift While NFPA creates a general set of requirements for mitigating explosion hazards, equipment providers improve offerings to assist with compliance. This explosion be vented to a standard really calls together Yes safe area?
Its a great starting The first step in performing a DHA is deterpoint for someone tackling explosion issues mining whether a dust is combustible and, if because it shows, very clearly, the safety it is, how combustible it is, explains Brazier. In order to meet the stanment-specific standards. Among the most dards for both the DHA and provide proper significant is the requirement to perform a equipment, it is essential to have dusts tested dust hazard analysis DHA in all operations by an accredited laboratory, says David that generate, process, handle or store po- Grandaw, vice president of sales with IEP tentially combustible dust particulate solids.
Technologies Winfield, Ill. This will determine if the dust is years to phase in the DHA and makes the explosive, how explosive and how rapidly the facility owner responsible for determining pressure rises, which tells providers of explowhether materials are combustible or ex- sion protection equipment how much time plosive and characterizing their properties the system will have to react to an explosion to support the DHA.
If an ignition occurs, the fireball expands from the ignition kernel with the pressure wave created by the increase in temperature , traveling ahead of the flame front. Explosion pressure detectors are configured to respond to the characteristic pressure increase within milliseconds. The control unit receives the detection signal from the pressure sensors and sends a release signal to the explosion suppressor.
Suppressant is injected into the protected vessel, which rapidly cools the fireball, mitigating further combustion and reducing the explosion pressure. Chemical explosion suppression systems are referred to as active systems. Explosion venting, which is referred to as passive protection, incorporates a panel or membrane into the process plant equipment, which opens if there is overpressure from an explosion and releases it into the atmosphere.
Since the goal of explosion venting is to release the explosion overpressure before the process vessel is damaged, burnt and unburnt dusts and vapors are released through the vent opening. The ejected fireball must be released into a safe area. Options, such as flameless venting, also exist for areas where venting outdoors is not possible.
Since venting only relieves the deflagration pressures from the vented process vessel, postexplosion fires may occur. Appropriate fire control measures should be incorporated into the process-plant safety design.
In addition, explosion propagation through connected ductwork is likely so explosion isolation is required. Explosion isolation is a proven method of reducing the risk of enhanced explosions. Explosion isolation can be applied to vessels that are protected by containment, suppression or venting systems.
There are three basic types of explosion-isolation systems: Chemical isolation, which discharges an explosion suppressant into the ductwork that will suppress the propagating flame front Active mechanical isolation, which triggers the release of a high-speed valve to form a mechanical barrier in the pipeline Passive mechanical isolation, which is an in-duct valve that closes as a reaction to the explosion pressure wave and can be used for isolation of interconnected ducts.
We need to know how aggressively a dust will combust and explode to properly prevent that from happening. Many providers of explosion protection equipment offer materials testing services and urge processors not to overlook this step.
Often processors are reluctant to test their dust. They think its acceptable to use a value out of a book, but, in reality, not all dusts are the same, says Bob Korn, director of sales for industrial products with Fike Blue Springs, Mo. Often there are hybrid dusts generated by a process that might be processing different types of dust at different times.
These hybrid dusts can be a challenge. Brazier agrees: Hybrid dusts, in particular, can become complicated because the combustion characteristics are difficult to predict. You cant assume and make protection For this reason, he says its important to get specific data regarding the combustion characteristics from an accredited testing facility and then to use that information when performing a DHA.
In turn, dust-combustion testing results and reliable sources of more common material-combustion data are considered when reviewing the process to determine where hazards exist in an effort to meet the NFPA requirements, and those of other applicable, industry-specific NFPA standards. The pros and cons of each type of system passive venting or active chemical suppression should be evaluated for each situation.
Often, a facility will end up with a mixture of the two technologies for information on the available technologies see box Explosion Protection Systems: on p. Although todays explosion protection and suppression technology has not changed much, the industry is embracing new delivery and detection technologies that are more sophisticated and better able to help processors overcome challenges they commonly face when safeguarding facilities, people and products from fire and explosion, says Korn.
Overcoming false alarms One of the most common challenges associated with active chemical suppression systems is the potential for false alarms, which trigger the system to unnecessarily release suppressant, often ruining product and slowing down production during clean up.
Most suppression systems rely upon pressure detectors to alert the system to the changes in pressure typically associated with an oncoming explosion and then inject dry chemical into the protected area to suppress the fireball and explosion, says IEPs Grandaw.
This technology, he says, was based upon a predetermined setpoint and was sometimes responsible for false alarms. IEP Technologies now offers a dynamic explosion detector as a component on its chemical-suppression systems to avoid this type of false alarm. The MEX-3 Dynamic Explosion Detector uses rate-of-pressure rise to differentiate between an actual explosion and slow process pressure excursions Figure 2.
The detector is programmable to accommodate a range of hazard and process conditions, including vacuum and positive-pressure applications. Typical applications include protection of dust collectors, drying systems, pneumatic conveying systems and reacting vessels. The value of rate-of-pressure rise detection can be seen where you have a process.
For example, a dust collector might have pulse-jet technology with varying pressure cycles. A dynamic explosion detector can help filter out false trips and provide immunity to false discharges. Minimizing cost of ownership Suppression systems are sometimes associated with a higher cost of ownership because NFPA and other standards require frequent inspection. Also, when a suppression system is triggered, there is usually. The system consists of a sensor and a modular cannon comprised of five major components: the cannon body, extinguishing agent canister, actuation mechanism, pressurized nitrogen tank which is initially shipped unpressurized and the cannons electrical enclosure.
The key to the reduced cost of ownership is. This makes the system user friendly and simplifies refit and maintenance. If a facility keeps spare parts on the shelf and has an employee who has been trained to refit the system, he can do so post-activation, saving lost production time and money. And, due to the modular configuration and initially unpressurised canister, it is easily installed.
Circle 8 on p. But, when an explosion occurs in the adjacent vessel, the flow reverses, causing the flap to close onto its field-replaceable seal, reliably stopping the explosion pressure and flame propagation.
It offers an integrated seal that is fieldreplaceable and is self re-setting for simplified maintenance. We spent a lot of time in CAD and finite element analysis to develop the aerodynamic design and to minimize pressure drop and dust drop throughout these devices to minimize the potential for dust accumulation.
Weve also added an air-purge system for customers conveying stickier dusts to keep the seal clean and ensure a proper seal in the event the valve is needed, says Fikes Korn.
Flap valves, a popular choice in passive isolation systems, operate on the simple premise of using gravity to remain closed when the process isnt running, but are pushed open by airflow when the process is running. If an explosion were to happen, the explosion pressure wave coming backwards through the pipe backdraft Figure 4.
Fikes ValvEx consists of a heavy-duty, causes backwards motion , causes coated steel body containing a high-strength, the flap to close, blocking propagaformed stainless-steel flap. Hey guys we have released one of the versions out it on our discord and we are still working on updates like Panic button, Coroner investigator, new map, and a whole bunch of fun stuff all you need to do is join the discord.
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